中国兜牢民生保障底线,居民收入实现稳定增长******
(经济观察)中国兜牢民生保障底线,居民收入实现稳定增长
中新社北京1月18日电 (记者 刘亮)面对复杂严峻的内外部挑战,中国国民经济顶住压力持续发展,牢牢兜住民生保障底线,实现居民收入的稳定增长。
中国国家统计局日前公布的数据显示,2022年中国国内生产总值(GDP)突破120万亿元(人民币,下同),达到121万亿元。按年均汇率计算,120万亿元人民币折合约18万亿美元,稳居世界第二位。从GDP增速情况看,中国GDP增长3%,该数据与国际主要经济体相比,仍是一个较快的速度。据国际货币基金组织预测,美国、日本2022年GDP增长均不会超过2%。
过去一年,面对多重超预期因素的反复冲击,中国经济能取得上述成绩并不容易。国家统计局局长康义强调,这意味着中国经济韧性强、潜力大、空间广,且长期向好的基本面没有改变。
值得一提的是,中国GDP增速实现较快增长的同时,居民收入也在稳定增长。数据显示,2022年全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长2.9%,与经济增长基本同步。
中国人民大学中国资本市场研究院联席院长赵锡军指出,通常情况下,经济增长与居民收入呈正相关,经济增长快,居民收入也会随之加快,但二者并非必须实现同幅度、同步增长,关键还要看政府对于民生保障的力度。决策者越强调民生,民众就能更多享受到经济增长的好处。
透过国家统计局披露的数据,也能进一步看到中国官方过去一年在民生领域的投入力度。
数据显示,2022年中国官方对居民收入保障加强,全国居民人均转移净收入比上年名义增长5.5%,快于全部居民收入增速。民生领域投资增加,2022年社会领域投资比上年增长10.9%,其中卫生和社会工作投资增长26.1%,比上年加快6.6个百分点。
与此同时,在就业领域,2022年中国城镇新增就业1206万人,超额完成1100万的预期目标;一系列援企稳岗的就业帮扶政策落实落地,对高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体的就业稳定产生了积极的影响,切实保障就业和收入来源,有力稳住了就业基本盘。
在仲量联行大中华区首席经济学家兼研究部总监庞溟看来,保持物价水平稳定也是切实保障民生的关键。2022年中国居民消费价格指数(CPI)全年上涨2%,单月涨幅始终运行在3%以下,明显低于世界其他主要经济体通胀水平。
“这标志着中国统筹协调并较好地完成了稳物价、促发展、保民生任务,有效保障了粮食安全、能源安全,切实缓解了中下游企业成本压力并持续优化上下游工业利润结构,充分稳定了市场预期和经济社会大局。”庞溟说。
展望2023年,康义表示,中国经济将整体好转,诸多有利条件将继续为GDP和居民收入的稳定增长创造良好环境。“经济好转,就业会相应改善,居民收入也会相应提高,这将有效带动提高居民的消费能力和消费意愿。”
全国政协经济委员会副主任宁吉喆表示,近三年疫情,对中小微企业、个体工商户和灵活就业者、自主经营者冲击较大。对此,他建议,要以进一步落实助企惠民政策,优化调整防疫政策为契机,切实增加这两部分人的收入。同时,还要在现有政策框架下继续扩大覆盖面,把符合条件的困难民众和低收入群体纳入保障范围,保障这部分人收入稳定增长。
康义强调,随着中国疫情防控转入新阶段,各项政策不断落实落细,生产生活秩序有望加快恢复,中国经济增长内生动力将不断积聚增强。下一步,官方将继续做好稳就业和增收入相关工作,切实保障好民生。(完)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |